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During the British Colonisation, Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, went through rapid environmental changes. These changes can be traced back to 1690 when the East India Company transformed it into a bustling traditional hub. The development of coal-based industries majorly contributed to the rise of air pollution. As per the 2024 Air Quality Index (AQI) report for India, Kolkata, often dubbed the "City of Joy," has been identified as one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of PM2.5 concentration.

Dr Anirban Sen, an environmental scientist, said, "With the help of sustainable measures, the air pollution crisis in Kolkata" can be tackled. The factors behind the rising air pollution include vehicle emissions, the burning of biomass, and construction activities. Furthermore, the Chhitaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), reported 70% of respiratory diseases are caused by air pollution in Kolkata.

The West Bengal government has taken several initiatives, like the prohibition of waste burning, strict emission policies and wetting of roads, to combat this pressing environmental issue. The

Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) commissioner said that "road washing machines" and "sprinklers" will be utilised to keep a check on suspended particulate matter. The government officials and engineers of the city have been instructed to follow the guidelines and ensure that waste collectors do not burn dry waste.

The ongoing air quality crisis in Kolkata underscores the necessity for a collaborative effort involving the government and various stakeholders to ensure a healthier future generation. The only way forward is to unite and take sustainable measures for the city and its inhabitants. To prevent the city from choking on pollution, holistic measures like sustainable urban planning, green infrastructure, promotion of environmental stewardship, and public participation are the need of the hour.