here is a translation form a sociology document form Portuguese to English
Introduction
Understanding the characteristics of capitalist societies has been a key concern of Sociology since it became established as a science of society in the late 19th century. During this period, capitalism emerged as a new form of social organization characterized by new labor relations. These changes led the thinkers of the time to develop theories explaining these social dynamics from various perspectives and political viewpoints. Since then, the main focus of this science has been to understand, explain, and question the mechanisms of production, organization, domination, control, and institutionalized power, all of which result in social relations of varying degrees of exploitation or equality.
Globalized society has become so complex and multifaceted that it is nearly impossible for sociological science, or any other science, to fully respond to or explain all the social problems that arise today without risking oversimplification.
We must be humble enough to recognize that the vast social, political, cultural, economic, and ecological transformations that society and the planet are experiencing today do not allow for narrow or sectarian explanations, nor for claims of absolute truth.
At the same time, we believe that the complexity and vastness that characterize contemporary societies should not intimidate or frighten us, but rather challenge us to study, research, and better understand and engage with the political world in which we live.
