IKEA, a multinational furnishing company, has a rich history dating back to its founding in 1943 (Strand, 2022). Over the decades, it has steadily grown to become a global leader in providing an extensive range of home accessories, furniture, and related products (Strand, 2022). With a presence in numerous countries, IKEA has firmly established itself as a household name, celebrated for its commitment to delivering quality and affordability to its customers worldwide (Strand, 2022). One of the key factors contributing to IKEA's enduring success lies in its leadership principles and ethical practices (Sakib, 2022). These principles, originally forged by the company's visionary founder, Ingvar Kamprad, have not only stood the test of time but continue to serve as guiding beacons for the organization's leadership and decision-making processes. Kamprad's legacy of ethical leadership has left an indelible mark on IKEA's corporate culture, promoting values such as integrity, inclusivity, and responsible decision making (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023). These principles have permeated the organization, fostering a culture of accountability and ethical conduct that extends throughout its various branches and operations.

At the heart of IKEA's operations is the steadfast commitment to ethical leadership. This commitment places a premium on integrity, ensuring that the company's leaders and employees adhere to the highest ethical standards in all their actions and decisions. Inclusivity is another core element of IKEA's ethical leadership, emphasizing the importance of involving all stakeholders in the decision-making process (Sakib, 2022). This approach not only enhances the quality of decisions but also reinforces a sense of ownership and responsibility among employees and partners. Furthermore, ethical leadership at IKEA champions responsible decision making, where the long-term well-being of the company, its employees, and the wider community takes precedence over short-term gains. IKEA's remarkable journey from a small Swedish company to a global household name is underpinned by a legacy of ethical leadership, characterized by principles of integrity, inclusivity, and responsible decision making (Sakib, 2022). These principles have not only shaped the organization's identity but have also played a pivotal role in sustaining its success on a global scale (Strand, 2022). This dissertation delves into the intricate relationship between decision making and ethical leadership at IKEA, aiming to shed light on the factors that contribute to its ongoing prominence in the furnishing industry.

Despite its undeniable success as a global furnishing giant, IKEA grapples with a myriad of challenges that are intrinsic to its scale and complexity (Searcy et al., 2022). These challenges encompass intricate supply chain management intricacies, multifaceted employee management issues, and the pressing need to address sustainability concerns (Bouhia, 2022). The intricacies of efficiently managing a sprawling global supply chain, spanning numerous countries, involve navigating complex logistics, ensuring timely deliveries, and maintaining consistent product quality (Strand, 2022). Concurrently, employee management presents its own set of intricacies, from nurturing a diverse, global workforce to fostering a corporate culture that aligns with IKEA's ethical principles (Bouhia, 2022). The sheer scale of operations requires a careful balance between standardization and localization to ensure harmonious relations across borders. Sustainability, a pressing global concern, looms large in IKEA's strategic considerations (Searcy et al., 2022). As a major player in the furnishing industry, the company is compelled to address sustainability concerns such as resource conservation, responsible sourcing, and minimizing environmental impact (Fabicka, 2023). These multifaceted challenges underscore the imperative for IKEA to employ effective decision-making processes that not only navigate these complexities but also align with the company's ethos of ethical leadership (Fabicka, 2023).

To address these challenges effectively, IKEA places a premium on ethical decision-making processes. Ethical decision making at IKEA revolves around core values such as inclusivity, integrity, and stakeholder engagement (Fabicka, 2023). Inclusivity is not just a buzzword but a guiding principle that underscores the importance of involving all relevant stakeholders in the decision-making process (Roy, 2020). This approach ensures that diverse perspectives are considered, fostering a sense of ownership among employees and stakeholders (Searcy et al., 2022). Additionally, ethical decision making prioritizes integrity, which entails adhering to a moral compass that places honesty, transparency, and ethical behavior at the forefront of actions and decisions (Fabicka, 2023). Furthermore, stakeholder engagement is intrinsic to ethical decision making, emphasizing the significance of actively involving employees, customers, suppliers, and communities in shaping decisions that affect them (Searcy et al., 2022). This approach cultivates a culture of mutual respect and responsibility (Searcy et al., 2022). .

However, despite the significance of ethical decision making and its alignment with IKEA's values, there exists a research gap that warrants attention (Fabicka, 2023). While IKEA's leadership principles and operations have been widely discussed, there is a noticeable gap in research concerning the influence of decision making on ethical leadership at IKEA (Roy, 2020). Understanding how decision-making processes intertwine with ethical leadership and how these processes contribute to addressing the intricate challenges that IKEA faces remains an uncharted territory (Searcy et al., 2022).  This study seeks to fill this void by delving into the intricate dynamics of decision making and ethical leadership at IKEA, offering insights that may prove instrumental in enhancing the company's effectiveness in navigating its multifaceted challenges (Searcy et al., 2022).

These research questions collectively form the core of the study, guiding the investigation into the dynamics of ethical leadership and decision making within the IKEA organizational context.

·         How has IKEA practiced ethical decision making in its leadership?

·         What are some of the challenges faced by IKEA during its decision making and leadership?

·         What strategies should IKEA adopt to improve its decision making and leadership?

·         What are the benefits of effective decision making and ethical leadership?

·         What are the undermining factors to achieve ethical leadership and decision making at IKEA?

The first question delves into the practical applications and manifestations of ethical principles within IKEA's leadership framework. It seeks to understand how ethical decision making is put into practice within the organization, providing insights into its ethical leadership culture (Lan, 2023). The second question aims to identify and elucidate the challenges that IKEA encounters in its decision-making processes and leadership roles (Searcy et al., 2022). These challenges encompass various aspects, such as supply chain management, employee management, and sustainability, shedding light on areas where ethical decision making is particularly crucial.

The third question explores potential strategies that IKEA could consider implementing to enhance its decision-making frameworks and leadership models (Lan, 2023). These strategies may include innovative approaches to supply chain management, novel employee engagement methods, and sustainability initiatives aligned with ethical principles (Lan, 2023).

The fifth question seeks to uncover the advantages and positive outcomes that result from effective decision making and ethical leadership within the IKEA context. It may encompass benefits such as improved organizational performance, higher customer satisfaction, enhanced corporate reputation, and responsible corporate citizenship (Lan, 2023). The last question delves into potential factors that could hinder the attainment of ethical leadership and ethical decision making within IKEA (Dimitrova, 2022). It explores the challenges and pitfalls that may impede the organization's progress toward fostering an ethical leadership culture, providing insights into areas that require attention and mitigation.

 

·         To analyze the current state of Leadership and Decision Making at IKEA.

·         To explore the barriers to effective decision making and effective leadership at IKEA.

·         To highlight strategies that can be adopted to improve decision making and leadership at IKEA.

·         To assess the impact of the identified strategies on the organization's ethical leadership practices.

·Top of Form

These objectives collectively guide the study's efforts to delve into the intricate dynamics of decision making and ethical leadership within the IKEA organizational context (Lan, 2023). Each objective serves as a focal point, directing the research towards a deeper understanding of the challenges, opportunities, and potential pathways for improvement in these critical areas (Lan, 2023).

This study holds significant relevance in several dimensions, contributing to the broader landscape of ethical leadership research while offering practical insights with implications for IKEA and potential benefits for other organizations (Dimitrova, 2022). Firstly, in terms of its contribution to ethical leadership research, this study adds a nuanced perspective by examining the practical implementation of ethical leadership within the framework of a renowned multinational corporation (Rudnev, 2023). While ethical leadership has been a subject of academic inquiry, this research seeks to bridge the gap between theory and practice by delving into the specific dynamics of ethical leadership as it unfolds within IKEA's multifaceted operations.

Moreover, the findings of this research hold substantial practical implications for IKEA itself (Dimitrova, 2022). By shedding light on the intricacies of decision making and ethical leadership, the study offers actionable insights that can empower IKEA to refine its leadership models, bolster its ethical practices, and enhance its decision-making processes (Dimitrova, 2022). These implications extend to areas such as supply chain management, employee engagement, and sustainability initiatives, where IKEA can harness ethical leadership principles to navigate challenges and foster responsible corporate citizenship (Rudnev, 2023). Beyond IKEA, the study has the potential to benefit other organizations seeking to adopt ethical leadership practices. As a valuable reference, it offers a real-world case study of ethical leadership in action, providing insights that organizations across industries can draw upon (Dimitrova, 2022). This dissemination of knowledge and best practices can contribute to the broader cultivation of ethical leadership across the corporate landscape, fostering a culture of integrity, inclusivity, and responsible decision making in organizations worldwide.

·    Chapter 1: Introduction

Sets the stage for the study by introducing the research topic and its significance.

·    Chapter 2: Literature Review

Provides an in-depth exploration of ethical leadership, decision making, and their theoretical foundations.

·    Chapter 3: Research Methodology

Details the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed in the study.

·    Chapter 4: Data Presentation

Presents the collected data in a structured format, ready for analysis.

·    Chapter 5: Data Analysis

Analyzes the data, drawing connections between ethical leadership, decision making, and organizational outcomes.

·    Chapter 6: Discussion and Conclusion

Engages in a comprehensive discussion of the research findings, their implications, and concludes the dissertation.

The literature review serves as a foundational section, setting the stage for a comprehensive examination of ethical leadership and decision making within the context of this study. The literature review serves as an essential component of this research, offering a systematic analysis of prior scholarly work in the field of ethical leadership and decision making (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021). It plays a pivotal role in shaping the research, serving as a robust knowledge base upon which this study builds (Lan, 2023). Examining existing literature is crucial for several reasons. First and foremost, it provides valuable insights into the fundamental concepts of ethical leadership, decision making, and their interplay within organizations. By reviewing previous research, a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations, key principles, and empirical findings in these areas is gained (Lan, 2023).

Furthermore, the literature review offers a platform to identify gaps, contradictions, and emerging trends in the field. It highlights areas where further research is warranted and where this study can contribute to the existing body of knowledge (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021). It also allows for drawing upon the experiences and lessons learned from real-world cases, such as IKEA, to enrich the understanding of ethical leadership in practice (Murenets, 2022). This literature review serves as a compass, guiding the exploration of ethical leadership and decision making at IKEA. It not only provides the necessary theoretical framework but also underscores the relevance and significance of this research within the broader context of organizational leadership and ethics (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021).

Ethical leadership is fundamentally defined as a form of leadership that places moral values, principles, and ethical decision-making at the core of its guidance and influence on individuals or organizations. It encapsulates a spectrum of dimensions, collectively contributing to its comprehensive understanding (Van Linden et al., 2019). At the heart of ethical leadership lies an unwavering commitment to ethical behavior and decision-making. Ethical leaders are steadfast in upholding moral standards and principles, both in their personal conduct and within the organizational framework they oversee (Lindholm, 2022).  This commitment extends to the cultivation of ethical climates within their teams or organizations, fostering an environment where ethical considerations are paramount (Lee et al., 2021).

The key principles and characteristics emblematic of ethical leaders revolve around a set of qualities that include integrity, transparency, accountability, and fairness. Ethical leaders are characterized by their resolute dedication to integrity, often serving as exemplars of ethical conduct for others to emulate (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023). Transparency is a hallmark of their actions and decisions, ensuring that stakeholders are well-informed and trust remains unwavering. Accountability is another cornerstone of their leadership, as ethical leaders take ownership of their choices and assume responsibility for their actions, even when confronted with challenging circumstances (Lee et al., 2021). Fairness underscores their approach, as they treat all individuals equitably and justly, regardless of their positions or backgrounds.

Theoretical frameworks and models of ethical leadership furnish a structured framework for comprehending how ethical leadership is put into practice (Van Linden et al., 2019). Among these frameworks, transformational leadership and servant leadership hold prominent positions (Rudnev, 2023). Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their teams through the cultivation of a shared vision and values, fostering not only ethical behavior but also innovation within their organizations (Murenets, 2022). Servant leaders prioritize the needs of others, emphasizing the act of serving employees and stakeholders as the means to attain ethical outcomes (Murenets, 2022). This comprehensive exploration into the concept of ethical leadership establishes the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of how IKEA's leadership aligns with these fundamental principles and dimensions (Lee et al., 2021). It provides a robust theoretical foundation for evaluating the ethical leadership practices within the organization, offering a lens through which we can discern its impact on decision-making processes and the ensuing organizational outcomes (Murenets, 2022).

Understanding the dynamics of ethical decision making within organizations is pivotal in unraveling the complexities that IKEA may encounter in its leadership practices. This section delves into the theoretical underpinnings of ethical decision making, the multifaceted factors that influence such decisions, and the significant role that organizational culture and context play in shaping ethical choices (Murenets, 2022). Theoretical foundations of ethical decision making provide a framework for comprehending how individuals and organizations navigate moral dilemmas (Aguilera, 2023). One foundational theory is deontology, which posits that ethical decisions are guided by adherence to a set of universal moral principles. Another is utilitarianism, where decisions are evaluated based on the maximization of overall utility or happiness. These theories offer differing perspectives on how ethical choices are made, reflecting varying philosophical orientations (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023). Factors influencing ethical decision making in organizations are multifarious. Individual factors, such as personal values, moral development, and cognitive biases, can significantly impact the ethical choices of employees and leaders alike (Aguilera, 2023). Organizational factors, including codes of conduct, ethical training programs, and the presence of ethical role models, play a pivotal role in shaping decision-making processes (Murenets, 2022). External factors, such as societal norms and legal regulations, also exert influence, often serving as ethical guideposts.

The role of culture and organizational context in ethical decision making cannot be overstated. Organizational culture sets the ethical tone and norms within a company (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022). In a culture that prioritizes ethics, employees and leaders are more likely to make decisions aligned with ethical principles (Van Linden et al., 2019). Conversely, a culture that tolerates unethical behavior can lead to moral lapses. Furthermore, the broader organizational context, including the nature of tasks, power structures, and the presence of ethical leadership, significantly shapes ethical decision-making processes (Ferrell et al., 2020). This exploration of ethical decision making lays the groundwork for evaluating how IKEA approaches ethical choices in its leadership practices (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022). By understanding the theoretical foundations, influential factors, and the impact of culture and context, we gain insight into the complex interplay of elements that influence ethical decision making within the organization (Wu et al., 2021).

The historical development of IKEA as an organization provides a crucial backdrop against which the examination of its ethical leadership and decision-making practices can be contextualized (Aguilera, 2023). This section offers a succinct overview of IKEA's journey, highlighting the profound influence of its founder, Ingvar Kamprad, on the company's culture and values (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022). Additionally, it underscores the ethical principles and leadership philosophy that Kamprad instilled within the organization (Murenets, 2022). IKEA, founded in 1943, commenced as a modest order company specializing in the supply of stationery items like pens and pictures (Aguilera, 2023). Over the ensuing decades, it has metamorphosed into a global leader renowned for providing a diverse array of home accessories, furniture, and related products (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). The trajectory of IKEA's growth and its enduring success have established it as a household name, celebrated globally for its commitment to quality and affordability (Wu et al., 2021). Ingvar Kamprad, the visionary behind IKEA, left an indelible imprint on the company's culture and values. His influence extended far beyond the realm of business strategies, permeating the very essence of the organization (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022).

Kamprad's legacy is characterized by his frugal lifestyle and his down-to-earth approach to leadership. He set a compelling example by opting for economy-class travel, utilizing public transportation, and engaging with employees in an open and respectful manner (Murenets, 2022). This culture of simplicity and humility became an integral facet of IKEA's corporate identity (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). Kamprad's ethical principles and leadership philosophy formed a sturdy foundation for IKEA's ethical leadership practices (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). Central to his belief system was the concept of leading by example and bolstering the skills of his employees (Aguilera, 2023). During times of adversity demanding effective decision-making, Kamprad actively involved his management team in the decision-making process, harnessing collective wisdom to enhance the company's performance (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022). Core values such as integrity, transparency, and accountability were not merely espoused but actively embraced by Kamprad and his employees (Aguilera, 2023). Kamprad's leadership style, steeped in ethical principles, served as a blueprint for successive leaders within IKEA (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). His unwavering commitment to ethical conduct and responsible decision-making established the cornerstone of IKEA's enduring reputation for ethical leadership (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). A comprehensive understanding of this historical context is pivotal for assessing the extent to which IKEA's contemporary leadership and decision-making practices align with the ethical principles set forth by its revered founder, Ingvar Kamprad (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023).

The exploration of IKEA's ethical leadership principles and practices illuminates the manner in which the organization has translated its foundational values into actionable leadership behaviors. In this section, the focus is on IKEA's approach to ethical leadership, the harmonization of its leadership practices with ethical values and principles, and the provision of case studies and concrete examples that vividly depict ethical leadership in practice within the company (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022). IKEA places an unequivocal emphasis on the significance of ethical leadership, considering it an integral element of its corporate culture (Serafeim, 2020). The leadership principles upheld by the company are firmly rooted in ethical values, prominently featuring attributes like integrity, transparency, inclusivity, and responsibility. These principles are the guiding stars that navigate the actions and decision-making processes of leaders at all levels within the organization (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023). The alignment of IKEA's leadership with ethical values and principles is palpable in the daily conduct of its leaders (Tovmasyan, 2023). Leaders within the organization are not just encouraged but expected to serve as exemplars, consistently displaying honesty and integrity in all their interactions (Tovmasyan, 2023) Transparency stands as a hallmark of their communication style, ensuring that both employees and stakeholders are kept well-informed regarding decisions and actions. Inclusivity is actively nurtured, with leaders proactively seeking input from employees and actively involving them in the decision-making continuum (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). Responsibility is not merely a concept but a cornerstone of leadership within IKEA, with leaders readily accepting accountability for their choices and decisions.

To offer concrete and tangible illustrations of ethical leadership practices at IKEA, this section introduces case studies and examples extracted from the annals of the organization's history (Serafeim, 2020). These real-world instances serve as exemplars, portraying how IKEA's leaders have consistently adhered to ethical principles when confronted with challenging circumstances, navigated intricate moral dilemmas, and cultivated a pervasive culture of ethical conduct (Zhao et al., 2023). The case studies may encompass scenarios wherein the company effectively addressed sustainability challenges, championed diversity and inclusivity, or adeptly managed intricate supply chain issues, all while remaining steadfast in their commitment to the principles of ethical leadership (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023). Through the examination of IKEA's ethical leadership practices and the presentation of concrete examples that underscore ethical decision-making, a comprehensive comprehension emerges regarding how ethical leadership is not just an abstract concept but an integral facet seamlessly interwoven into the very fabric of the organization (Tovmasyan, 2023). Moreover, it highlights how ethical leadership profoundly influences IKEA's approach to decision-making processes, ultimately contributing to the organization's ethical and moral compass.

An in-depth exploration of the decision-making processes within IKEA provides valuable insights into how the organization approaches complex choices and ethical dilemmas (Tovmasyan, 2023). In this section, an overview of these decision-making processes is provided, highlighting the central role of inclusivity and stakeholder engagement, and addressing the challenges and complexities inherent in decision making at a multinational scale. IKEA's decision-making processes are characterized by a commitment to ethical principles and inclusivity (Tovmasyan, 2023). Decisions are typically made through a collaborative and participatory approach, involving various stakeholders, including employees, managers, and external partners. This inclusive approach aims to gather diverse perspectives and insights, ultimately leading to more informed and ethical decisions (Zhao et al., 2023).

The role of inclusivity and stakeholder engagement in decision making is paramount at IKEA (Al-Zghool, 2020). The organization places a strong emphasis on involving employees in the decision-making process, ensuring that their voices are heard and valued (Ingelsten, 2023). Additionally, IKEA actively engages with its customers, suppliers, and the communities in which it operates, recognizing the importance of considering the interests and concerns of all stakeholders (Ingelsten, 2023). This commitment to inclusivity fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility among all involved parties, promoting ethical and responsible decision making (Ingelsten, 2023).

However, decision making at a multinational scale presents its own set of challenges and complexities (Serafeim, 2020). IKEA's global presence means that decisions often need to consider cultural, legal, and ethical variations across different regions and markets (Ingelsten, 2023). Supply chain management, for instance, can be particularly challenging, as it involves coordinating activities across various countries while adhering to ethical and sustainability principles (Ingelsten, 2023). Balancing the interests of diverse stakeholders while maintaining a consistent ethical approach can be intricate.

A comprehensive examination of the challenges faced by IKEA in its operations provides critical context for understanding the intricacies of the organization's leadership and decision-making processes. This section offers a detailed exploration of these challenges, encompassing supply chain management complexities, employee management issues, and the company's approach to sustainability concerns (Ferrell et al., 2020). Supply chain management complexities represent a significant challenge for IKEA due to its extensive global presence (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023). Coordinating and managing supply chains across numerous countries and regions require careful planning and execution (Elg & Welinder, 2022). Issues related to logistics, transportation, and inventory management can impact the availability and timely delivery of products to customers (Elg & Welinder, 2022). In addition, IKEA places a strong emphasis on sustainability within its supply chain, further adding complexity to the management of sourcing and distribution (Elg & Welinder, 2022).

Employee management issues also pose challenges for IKEA, particularly as the company operates on a global scale (Ingelsten, 2023). Managing a diverse workforce with varying cultural backgrounds and expectations can be complex (Elg & Welinder, 2022). Ensuring fair and ethical treatment of employees across different regions is a priority for IKEA (Strand, 2022). Strategies for addressing these challenges include comprehensive training programs, clear communication channels, and fostering a corporate culture that values diversity and inclusivity (Elg & Welinder, 2022). Sustainability concerns are integral to IKEA's operations, given its commitment to responsible business practices (Ingelsten, 2023). The company faces challenges related to environmental sustainability, such as reducing carbon emissions, minimizing waste, and promoting circular economy principles (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023). Ethical leadership and decision making play a critical role in addressing these challenges, as IKEA strives to align its business practices with its sustainability goals (Elg & Welinder, 2022).

The nexus between ethical leadership, decision making, and organizational outcomes is a critical dimension of organizational behavior and effectiveness (Spinoglio, 2020). This section delves into the research findings regarding the intricate relationship between ethical leadership and decision making, highlighting their profound impact on various facets of organizational performance, employee satisfaction, and corporate reputation (Ferrell et al., 2020). Furthermore, it explores the theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence that substantiate the connection between ethical leadership and positive outcomes within organizations (Spinoglio, 2020). Research findings consistently emphasize the intrinsic link between ethical leadership and ethical decision-making processes (Al-Zghool, 2020). Ethical leaders, by virtue of their unwavering commitment to integrity, transparency, and inclusivity, create an environment that encourages and prioritizes ethical decision making among their teams (Zhao et al., 2023). This symbiotic relationship is substantiated by theoretical frameworks that underscore the pivotal role of ethical leaders in establishing ethical standards, serving as ethical role models, and promoting ethical decision-making practices throughout the organization (Ferrell et al., 2020). The impact of ethical leadership and ethical decision-making processes on organizational outcomes is extensive (Ferrell et al., 2020). Organizations led by ethical leaders often exhibit superior overall performance (Ferrell et al., 2020). Employees are inspired by the ethical values championed by their leaders, translating into heightened productivity, enhanced customer relationships, and increased innovation, all contributing to improved organizational effectiveness (Lindholm, 2022).

Moreover, ethical leadership and ethical decision making significantly influence employee satisfaction (Zhao et al., 2023). When employees perceive their leaders as staunch advocates of ethical principles and see themselves as actively involved in decision-making processes, it fosters a sense of trust, belonging, and job satisfaction (Bouhia, 2022). This, in turn, reduces turnover rates and bolsters employee retention, promoting a stable and motivated workforce (Lindholm, 2022). Corporate reputation stands as yet another dimension profoundly affected by ethical leadership and ethical decision making (Bouhia, 2022). Organizations that consistently uphold ethical values and make ethical decisions garner a reputation for integrity and social responsibility (Ferrell et al., 2020). Such reputations hold immense value in today's business landscape, where consumers, investors, and stakeholders prioritize ethical considerations (Strand, 2022). A positive corporate reputation can lead to increased customer loyalty, heightened investor confidence, and enhanced trust among stakeholders (Ghauri, 2023). Empirical evidence strongly substantiates these connections between ethical leadership, ethical decision making, and positive organizational outcomes (Lindholm, 2022). Numerous studies spanning various industries and organizational contexts consistently demonstrate that organizations led by ethical leaders tend to surpass their peers in terms of financial performance, employee engagement, and reputation management (Ghauri, 2023). As evidenced, the nexus between ethical leadership, decision making, and organizational outcomes is a multifaceted and influential aspect of organizational behavior (Bouhia, 2022). The research findings and theoretical underpinnings presented in this section underscore the pivotal role of ethical leadership and ethical decision making in driving positive organizational performance, elevating employee satisfaction, and fortifying corporate reputation (Zhao et al., 2023). This understanding is of paramount importance for organizations like IKEA, which steadfastly prioritize ethical principles as fundamental to their operational philosophy (Ghauri, 2023).

Identifying research gaps and opportunities is fundamental to advancing the understanding of ethical leadership, decision making, and their application within an organization like IKEA. In this section, gaps in the existing literature related to these topics are identified, along with opportunities for further research and investigation (Parbat et al., 2022). The significance of addressing these gaps, particularly in the context of IKEA, is emphasized (Lindholm, 2022). Gaps in the existing literature surrounding ethical leadership, decision making, and IKEA have been discerned through a comprehensive review of the literature (Englund et al., 2021). While there is a substantial body of work on each of these topics individually, there is a notable research gap when it comes to examining the interplay between ethical decision making and ethical leadership within the specific context of IKEA (Ghauri, 2023). While IKEA is renowned for its ethical leadership principles and practices, limited scholarly attention has been devoted to assessing how decision-making processes within the organization align with these principles and contribute to its overall ethical leadership (Englund et al., 2021).

Opportunities for further research and investigation in this area abound (Parbat et al., 2022). Researchers have the prospect to delve deeper into IKEA's unique approach to ethical leadership and decision making, exploring the intricacies of these processes and their implications for the organization's performance, employee satisfaction, and corporate reputation (Englund et al., 2021). Additionally, examining the challenges and successes that IKEA encounters in implementing ethical leadership principles in its decision-making practices can offer valuable insights for both academics and practitioners (Ghauri, 2023). Addressing these research gaps holds significant importance in the context of IKEA (Parbat et al., 2022). As a global leader in the furnishing industry with a strong commitment to ethical principles, IKEA's experiences and practices can serve as a model for other organizations seeking to enhance their ethical leadership and decision-making capabilities (Englund et al., 2021). Understanding the dynamics at play within IKEA can offer practical insights and best practices for organizations striving to create ethical, inclusive, and responsible environments (Parbat et al., 2022).

In conclusion, the literature review has provided a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationship between ethical leadership, decision making, and their impact on organizational outcomes (Parbat et al., 2022). Key findings from the literature underscore the significance of ethical leadership in fostering an environment that promotes ethical decision making, leading to enhanced organizational performance, employee satisfaction, and corporate reputation (Parbat et al., 2022).  The theoretical foundations, empirical evidence, and case studies presented throughout the review substantiate the critical role played by ethical leaders in setting ethical standards, modeling ethical behavior, and driving positive organizational outcomes (Strand, 2022). The literature review serves as a foundational pillar for the ensuing research, offering valuable insights and theoretical underpinnings that will guide the empirical investigation within the specific context of IKEA (Parbat et al., 2022). It highlights the research gaps and opportunities within this domain, emphasizing the need for further exploration and understanding of how ethical leadership and decision making operate within a renowned multinational organization like IKEA (Parbat et al., 2022).

 

 

 

 

The research methodology is of paramount importance as it shapes the methods, approaches, and tools used for data collection and analysis (Murenets, 2022).  It underlines the systematic and structured approach employed in the research, which is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of the findings. An appropriate research methodology is recommended for the following study in order to answer the research questions of the study and achieve the research objective to help IKEA address problems related to barriers to ethical decision making and effective leadership.

Research Onion Framework-  (Saunders et al. 2019)

The following research will follow the Research Onion framework developed by Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2019) to address issues about IKEA ethical decision making and effective leadership. According to the Research onion framework, a methodology for research study should be divided into six layers that a research should choose and define before conducting the actual study. In the Research onion, the first two layers constitute of the research philosophy and research approach. The next three layers of Research onion constitute; research method, research strategy and time horizon layers. The centre of the Research onion framework on the other hand represents techniques and procedures of data analysis.

The purpose of a research philosophy is to define the set of beliefs that a researcher can use in developing an understanding on a particular field. The five main research philosophies that are commonly used in a research study are; positivism, critical realism, interpretivism, postmodernism, and pragmatism. The research philosophy selected for this study is interpretivism. Interpretivism is grounded in the belief that knowledge is constructed through the interpretation of subjective experiences and meanings within the social context (Saunders et al., 2019). It contrasts with positivism, which emphasizes empirical observation and scientific methods, by focusing on understanding the deeper layers of human experiences, motivations, and behaviors. Interpretivism is well suited to this research for several compelling reasons (Elg & Welinder, 2022). First, it aligns with the intricate nature of the study's subject matter – IKEA's leadership and decision-making processes (Al-Zghool, 2020). The study aims to provide a nuanced and holistic understanding of these essential organizational aspects, which necessitates delving into the subjective experiences and meanings attributed to them.

Second, interpretivism values qualitative and contextual data (Roy, 2020). Given the complexity of the research questions and objectives, the study relies on in-depth qualitative data collection methods such as literature analysis and content interpretation. This approach enables a profound exploration of IKEA's leadership and decision-making practices (Saunders et al., 2019). Third, interpretivism resonates with the research's commitment to impartiality and neutrality. By focusing on understanding the subjective experiences and meanings of individuals within IKEA, the research strives to minimize bias and subjectivity, promoting a clear and impartial evaluation of IKEA's activities (Murenets, 2022).

The purpose of a research approach is to develop a better research design and research strategy. According to Saunders et al. (2019), the three main research approaches are; Abduction, Induction and Deduction. The researcher selected inductive research approach for the following study. The inductive research approach plays a central role in this study as it fosters an open and flexible exploration of IKEA's leadership and decision-making practices. Inductive research is characterized by its bottom-up methodology, where specific observations and data lead to the formation of broader theories and generalizations (Saunders et al., 2019). In the context of this research, the inductive approach allows for a grounded analysis of IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making practices (Elg & Welinder, 2022). It begins with a detailed examination of specific instances, case studies, and textual content that pertain to the organization. By scrutinizing these particulars, the study aims to identify emerging patterns, common themes, and overarching principles.

Inductive research is particularly valuable for comprehending the intricacies of ethical leadership, which is context-specific and can manifest differently in various situations (Al-Zghool, 2020). This approach embraces the complexity of IKEA's organizational context and leadership practices, ensuring that the analysis remains closely tied to the empirical data and the unique ethical landscape of the company (Elg & Welinder, 2022). Through the inductive research approach, this study endeavors to construct a holistic and theory-driven understanding of IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making processes, offering insights that are firmly grounded in the data and reflective of the organization's distinct ethical culture (Al-Zghool, 2020).

 

Research method refers to the method used to answer the research questions. According to Saunders et al. (2019) the most used research methods in a study are; mono method quantitative, mono method qualitative, multi method quantitative, mixed method simple, and mixed method complex. The following study selected mono method qualitative research study method since the study only involved secondary data analysis. Qualitative research is the cornerstone of this study, providing an in-depth exploration of IKEA's leadership and decision-making practices. This approach is essential for capturing the depth and complexity of the subject (Daryanto et al., 2020). Qualitative data collection techniques, including literature analysis and content interpretation, will be employed to examine existing materials, reports, and content related to IKEA (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). This approach will uncover nuanced insights into the organization's leadership philosophy and decision-making processes, shedding light on the layers of meaning, values, and ethical principles that underpin IKEA's operations. (Binti Tsuraya et al., 2023). The use of qualitative research aligns with the study's interpretivist research philosophy, emphasizing the understanding of subjective experiences and meanings within a social context.

This approach allows for a comprehensive and detailed analysis of IKEA's leadership and decision-making practices, contributing to a profound understanding of the organization's ethical principles and how they are practically implemented (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). Data collection for this research primarily relies on a comprehensive literature review, which includes a thorough exploration of theoretical aspects related to ethical leadership and decision-making within organizational contexts (Daryanto et al., 2020). The review spans academic databases, peer-reviewed journals, books, and scholarly sources, establishing a strong theoretical foundation and informing the research questions by identifying gaps in the existing literature (Binti Tsuraya et al., 2023). Furthermore, data from IKEA's official website will be analyzed, offering insights into the company's leadership principles, ethical values, and decision-making processes. Document analysis, including annual reports and corporate social responsibility reports, will be conducted to gain a historical perspective on IKEA's performance and its commitment to sustainability and responsible decision-making.

The research will primarily employ qualitative data analysis methods to make sense of the data collected. Qualitative analysis is a valuable approach for exploring complex issues and interpreting textual data. (Saunders et al., 2019). In the context of this study, qualitative analysis is the chosen method to delve into the nuances of IKEA's leadership and decision-making practices.

Content Analysis: Content analysis will be used to systematically analyze textual data obtained from the literature review and the analysis of IKEA's official website and relevant documents (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023). This method involves categorizing and interpreting the content to identify patterns, themes, and key insights related to ethical leadership and decision-making. By systematically coding and categorizing the textual data, this research will uncover the prevalent themes and patterns that emerge in IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making practices.

Thematic Analysis: Thematic analysis, a subcategory of content analysis, will be employed to identify recurring themes and patterns within the data. This method enables the research to categorize and analyze textual data related to ethical leadership and decision-making within IKEA (Murenets, 2022). Through thematic analysis, the study will extract meaningful insights, providing a deeper understanding of how ethical leadership principles are reflected in the organization's decision-making processes.

Comparative Analysis: A comparative analysis approach will be used to juxtapose and contrast different aspects of ethical leadership and decision-making within IKEA (Murenets, 2022). This method will help in identifying variations and commonalities in leadership practices and decision-making strategies across various contexts. Comparative analysis provides a nuanced view of the organization's ethical leadership and its impact on decision-making.

Constant Comparative Method: The constant comparative method will be applied to ensure that data collection and analysis remain consistent and coherent. This method involves continuously comparing new data with previously collected data and categories, ensuring that emerging themes are thoroughly explored and validated (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023). The constant comparative method enhances the rigor and reliability of the qualitative analysis process.

Interpretative Analysis: The data will be interpreted within the broader context of ethical leadership and decision-making theory. By employing interpretative analysis, this research aims to generate a rich and meaningful understanding of IKEA's ethical leadership practices and how they influence the organization's approach to decision-making (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023).

These qualitative data analysis methods are well-suited to uncover the intricacies of ethical leadership and decision-making within IKEA. By employing these methods, the research aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the topic.

The commonly used research strategies used in a project include; experiment, Survey Ethnography, Action Research, Grounded Theory, Archival Research, Case Study and Narrative Inquiry. The nature of this research is case stud.  The case study research strategy has been selected for this study to provide a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of IKEA's leadership and decision-making practices. Case studies are particularly valuable when investigating complex and context-dependent phenomena within a specific organizational setting (Saunders et al., 2019). In this research, the "case" under examination is IKEA, a multinational corporation known for its distinctive ethical leadership practices (Ghauri, 2023). By adopting a case study strategy, the study can delve deeply into the unique ethical culture, principles, and behaviors of IKEA's leadership, and their impact on decision making (Parbat et al., 2022).

A case study approach enables the researcher to consider multiple sources of evidence, including official documents, reports, and publicly available information from IKEA's website, as well as relevant literature (Al-Zghool, 2020). By triangulating these sources, the study can develop a comprehensive and well-rounded understanding of the case. The case study strategy also allows for the exploration of specific instances, such as ethical dilemmas or leadership challenges faced by IKEA (Ghauri, 2023). This detailed examination is instrumental in addressing the research questions and objectives and gaining insights into how IKEA's leadership and ethical decision-making processes operate.

Ethical considerations stand as a foundational pillar of this research endeavor. The study is unwavering in its commitment to upholding the most rigorous standards of academic integrity and respecting intellectual property rights (Ghauri, 2023). It places paramount importance on treating all acquired information with the utmost reverence for its original sources and creators (Elg & Welinder, 2022). The observance of ethical guidelines will be meticulously maintained throughout the research process. This includes the essential practice of citation and attribution. The study will diligently attribute all data, information, and content to their sources, adhering to recognized academic standards for proper citation (Bouhia, 2022). This involves acknowledging and crediting academic papers, reports, books, and digital content sourced from IKEA's official website. The research ensures that the contributions of fellow scholars and researchers are duly recognized and acknowledged.

The research's commitment to ethical practices extends to the prevention of plagiarism. The study is resolute in generating original and responsible research. Any content, whether presented as direct quotations, paraphrased material, or ideas drawn from external sources, will be meticulously cited and referenced (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023). No part of this research will be presented as the author's original work without the requisite attribution to the originating sources. Respect for intellectual property rights remains a guiding principle throughout the research process (Al-Zghool, 2020). This encompasses the scrupulous adherence to copyright and trademark laws. The utilization of proprietary materials, such as images, logos, or IKEA's specific terminologies, will be executed in strict accordance with relevant copyright legislation and permissions. This ensures that no breaches of intellectual property rights transpire.

The confidentiality and safety of one's data are also crucial. Data privacy and security are given top priority in studies dealing with personally identifiable information (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023).  The privacy and security of anyone involved in the research will be respected at all times, and all relevant data will be scrupulously anonymized and handled (Ferrell et al., 2020). The current study recognizes the essential necessity of informed consent, despite the fact that it depends mostly on secondary data sources and does not entail direct interaction with individuals. If additional studies require primary data collection in the future, obtaining informed permission will be an absolute ethical requirement (Al-Zghool, 2020). All efforts have been made to follow the university's rules and regulations on research ethics. When conducting research on human subjects or highly confidential data, this entails obtaining the necessary approvals or clearances.

This study, like any other research, possesses inherent limitations. These limitations encompass several key aspects. One notable limitation pertains to the research's primary reliance on secondary data sources, which include academic literature and information available on IKEA's official website. While secondary data is undoubtedly valuable, it may be associated with inherent limitations (Murenets, 2022). For instance, secondary data can exhibit biases, potentially contain outdated information, or even omit important details. These aspects of secondary data could potentially influence the research findings by affecting their accuracy and comprehensiveness (Aguilera, 2023). Another significant limitation arises from the absence of access to internal or confidential documents within IKEA. These internal documents may harbor deep insights into the organization's leadership and decision-making processes, and the unavailability of such data might restrict the depth and granularity of the analysis (Lan, 2023).

It's essential to acknowledge that the study focuses on IKEA as a case study, and while it provides valuable insights into ethical leadership and decision-making, the findings might not be universally applicable to all organizations (Lindholm, 2022). The differences in organizational culture, size, and industry may lead to variations in leadership and decision-making practices. Furthermore, the research is conducted within a specific timeframe, and the findings may reflect the state of IKEA's leadership and decision-making at the time of the study (Ghauri, 2023). Organizational practices can evolve over time, and the research's snapshot may not capture any changes or developments that occur after the research period. Acknowledging these limitations ensures a transparent and realistic perspective on the scope and boundaries of this research.

The ethical leadership and decision-making methods of IKEA are examined in this chapter using a thematic analysis methodology. This chapter is guided by the notion of thematic analysis, which provides a framework for elucidating the research findings and facilitating a comprehensive examination of the study aims (Åberg, 2019). Thematic analysis is a powerful technique for classifying qualitative data according to recurrent topics or themes. This method guarantees the findings are structured, allowing for a thorough and in-depth investigation of the many dimensions of ethical leadership and decision-making at IKEA.

A dedication to fairness, objectivity, and detail informed the thematic analysis offered here. It emphasizes the study's goals and provides a basis for analyzing and discussing the study's findings. By adopting this method, the research not only unravels the complexities of IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making but also offers a structured and methodical framework that enhances the depth and rigor of the analysis (Åberg, 2019). Detailed insights into IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making processes are revealed in the following sections, one at a time, as a result of the thematic analysis. Following the principles of impartiality and objectivity that form the basis of the study's interpretive philosophy, the research findings are presented in a unified and thorough manner through the use of a theme approach. The theme analysis provides a systematic and organized framework that strengthens the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the findings. This chapter not only provides answers to the research questions posed at the beginning of the study but also lays the groundwork for drawing meaningful conclusions, providing actionable recommendations, and exploring the broader implications of the study's findings through a thematic exploration of IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making practices.

 

This section uses topic analysis to examine IKEA's ethical leadership and morality. The investigation shows that ethical leadership is crucial to IKEA's business and reputation (Lan, 2023).

Thematic examination of IKEA's ethical leadership shows a strong ethical commitment. Leadership at the organization encourages honesty, transparency, inclusion, and responsibility. IKEA is guided by ethics (Lan, 2023).

Analysis emphasizes sustainability and responsible sourcing. Ethical leadership at IKEA includes sustainability and responsible sourcing (Lee et al., 2021). IKEA's operations emphasise sustainability, diversity, and responsible sourcing, reflecting its values (Lan, 2023).

Employee participation and open conversation are another key aspect of the analysis. IKEA's ethical leadership promotes employee participation in decision-making (Lee et al., 2021). This promotes openness and open communication among IKEA employees and stakeholders, helping them understand the company's decisions (Kral, 2023).

Thematic analysis shows that IKEA's ethical leadership practices identify the brand and inspire other companies to follow suit (Lee et al., 2021). The thematic analysis shows that IKEA's performance and credibility are intimately linked to its ethical leadership, as shown in purpose and values statements, sustainability reports, and public communications (Kral, 2023). This theme analysis aligns with the research objectives and provides a deeper knowledge of IKEA's ethical values and practices by exploring the varied nature of ethical leadership.

 

This section employs thematic analysis to uncover critical insights into IKEA's decision-making processes, highlighting the significance of diversity and stakeholder participation while acknowledging the inherent complexities in corporate governance.

Thematic analysis reveals that IKEA places a strong emphasis on diversity and inclusion in its decision-making processes. The study's findings underscore that IKEA encourages participation from a wide range of employees at all levels when making significant decisions (Åberg, 2019). The company actively seeks feedback from suppliers, customers, and communities, fostering a culture of inclusion in its decision-making. This commitment enhances the likelihood of considering all relevant factors when making important choices (Lee et al., 2021).

A central theme emerging from the analysis is the complexities associated with international decision-making at IKEA. While the organization's dedication to diversity is commendable, it faces challenges in decision-making that involve navigating a broad spectrum of cultural norms and legal constraints (Zhao et al., 2023). The analysis emphasizes the importance for IKEA to adeptly manage the intricacies of aligning ethical leadership principles with diverse international regulations, particularly in the context of a global organization (Jia et al., 2019).

The findings highlight the inseparable link between IKEA's commitment to sustainability and its decision-making processes (Jia et al., 2019). IKEA's dedication to sustainability is vividly reflected in the way it manages its supply chain. The thematic analysis reveals that IKEA has made choices that prioritize ethical labor standards, eco-friendly product selection, and responsible sourcing. These decisions exemplify how sustainability and ethics are interwoven into IKEA's decision-making framework and align with the company's ethical leadership ideals (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022).

Thematic analysis demonstrates that IKEA's commitment to ethical decision-making is verified through an examination of official documents, including sustainability reports. The company's annual reports and sustainability disclosures exemplify its dedication to open dialogue and transparency (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022). This level of openness is essential for maintaining credibility and fostering confidence among stakeholders.

 

This section employs thematic analysis to delve into the findings regarding the challenges faced by IKEA and the strategies employed to overcome these obstacles. Thematic analysis sheds light on three major challenges: staff management, sustainability concerns, and the intricacies of supply chain management.

Thematic analysis underscores that one of the key challenges encountered by IKEA is the complexity of managing its global supply chain. Given its expansive global presence and diverse product range, IKEA's logistics, procurement, and distribution operations are intricate and multifaceted (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022). However, the study findings reveal that IKEA effectively addresses this challenge through innovative technology utilization and a strong commitment to environmental responsibility. The organization has enhanced efficiency, transparency, and product tracking throughout the production-to-retail journey through the implementation of cutting-edge supply chain solutions (Jia et al., 2019). Furthermore, IKEA's sustainability initiatives are deeply integrated into its supply chain operations, fostering responsible sourcing, ethical production, and environmental considerations.

 The findings highlight the issue of managing a diverse and multinational workforce, attributed to IKEA's commitment to diversity and inclusion. Managing and motivating individuals from various cultural backgrounds can pose significant challenges (Van Linden et al., 2019). However, the results indicate that IKEA effectively addresses these challenges by promoting a culture of inclusion, investing in employees' professional growth, and fostering open communication (Aguilera, 2023). Strategies such as continuous training, cross-cultural awareness initiatives, and the promotion of diversity in leadership roles have proven instrumental in engaging employees and overcoming the obstacles associated with a diverse workforce.

The findings reveal that IKEA faces the challenge of sustaining its commitment to environmental responsibility while meeting growing consumer demand (Issel-Dombert, 2020). The results highlight IKEA's multi-pronged sustainability strategy, which encompasses waste prevention programs, energy efficiency initiatives, and ethical material sourcing (Tovmasyan, 2023). The organization has adeptly navigated the challenge by setting explicit sustainability goals, such as carbon neutrality and increased utilization of renewable and recycled materials, to balance consumer demand with its sustainability commitment.

 

This section conducts a thematic analysis of the findings to explore the profound connection between ethical leadership and the decision-making processes at IKEA.

Thematic analysis reveals that ethical leadership at IKEA is inherently tied to the organization's decision-making procedures. Leaders who uphold the company's core ethical values act as role models by integrating these principles into their actions and decisions (Issel-Dombert, 2020). The themes of honesty, transparency, accountability, and inclusivity are deeply embedded in the corporate culture and influence policy formulation (Tovmasyan, 2023). A harmonious relationship exists between IKEA's ethical leadership principles and its internal decisions, reaffirming the notion that ethical individuals guide the company.

The thematic analysis emphasizes that ethical leadership profoundly enhances the outcomes of crucial decisions. Leaders who uphold ethical standards propagate these values throughout the IKEA workforce (Aguilera, 2023). Their dedication to equality and diversity fosters an environment where all perspectives are considered, and all voices are heard in the decision-making process. As a result, decisions align with both moral and ethical standards, serving the organization's long-term objectives (Strand, 2022). Decisions made by CEOs who embody the company's ethical values have a magnifying impact on the company's long-term sustainability, public perception, and financial performance.

The findings present various examples from the literature showcasing how IKEA's ethical leadership influences the organization's decision-making procedures and consequences. Driven by ethical concerns, IKEA prioritizes sustainable practices such as minimizing its environmental impact and engaging responsible suppliers (Strand, 2022). These ethically grounded choices bolster IKEA's brand and attract ethically conscious consumers, all while staying true to the company's foundational beliefs (Al-Zghool, 2020). Furthermore, all human resource and workplace policy decisions at IKEA mirror the company's commitment to employee well-being and diversity. Through the endorsement of ethical leadership, the organization guarantees that decisions related to employee welfare and inclusivity contribute to a harmonious and engaged workforce.

In this section, a thematic analysis is employed to explore inspiring cases and examples from IKEA's history that exemplify ethical leadership and effective decision-making.

Thematic analysis reveals IKEA's dedication to ethical leadership through inspiring cases, such as its adoption of sustainable sourcing practices and the use of renewable materials (Ingelsten, 2023). The case study of transitioning to eco-friendly materials reflects IKEA's commitment to environmental ethics (Ingelsten, 2023). The company's choice to employ renewable and responsibly sourced materials in its products aligns with ethical leadership standards and appeals to ethically conscious customers (Al-Zghool, 2020). This example demonstrates how IKEA's ethical leadership has translated into actions that enhance its market reputation and contribute to a sustainable future (Stefanovic, 2023).

The thematic analysis emphasizes IKEA's ethical leadership in promoting inclusivity and diversity within its workforce. The organization places a strong emphasis on diversity of thought and the acceptance of others during its decision-making processes. This inclusive approach fosters creativity, problem-solving, and high levels of participation within the company (Beqiri, 2022). IKEA's commitment to diversity and inclusion isn't merely a token gesture but is deeply integrated into how the company makes decisions (Ingelsten, 2023). These examples illustrate how ethical leadership can lead to tangible results by influencing decision-making processes that create a vibrant workplace (Spinoglio, 2020). It underscores the importance of maintaining a consistent ethical culture within a company, motivating employees, stakeholders, and consumers to trust and support a firm that practices what it preaches.

Thematic analysis unveils the tangible outcomes of ethical leadership by examining real cases and examples from IKEA's history (Stefanovic, 2023). These examples showcase the company's commitment to sustainable sourcing, ethical decision-making, inclusivity, and diversity, offering valuable insights for organizations striving to incorporate ethical leadership into their decision-making processes.

 

In this section, the thematic analysis approach is applied to explore the key findings related to IKEA's ethical decision-making practices.

The thematic analysis reveals IKEA's extensive ethical framework and the rules that govern its business practices and customer interactions (Cámara Rodrigo,  2023). The company's culture is underpinned by a clear set of ethical principles, including openness, honesty, accountability, and equity, guiding decision-making at all organizational levels (Beqiri, 2022). To ensure that decisions are aligned with IKEA's core beliefs and values, the company equips its employees and decision-makers with a robust set of ethical guidelines (Haraldsson et al., 2020). This emphasis on ethical principles provides a foundation for ethical decision-making and reflects IKEA's commitment to incorporating ethics into its corporate DNA (Serafeim, 2020).

The thematic analysis highlights IKEA's dedication to engaging stakeholders at every phase of the decision-making process (Bouhia, 2022). The company recognizes the importance of listening to various stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and local communities. This approach ensures a holistic understanding of all possible outcomes by considering all relevant factors (Searcy et al., 2022). Collaboration and shared responsibility within this decision-making method result in greater inclusion and representation for employees and other stakeholders (Haraldsson et al., 2020). IKEA's commitment to this collaborative approach aligns with its ethical principles and fosters a sense of inclusivity and shared responsibility, contributing to ethical decision-making (Serafeim, 2020).

Thematic analysis emphasizes IKEA's consistent consideration of environmental factors in its decision-making processes (Bouhia, 2022). The results reveal that sustainability is integrated into the company's decision-making framework, reflecting its commitment to responsible and sustainable global operations. IKEA's dedication to environmental responsibility not only helps fulfill its ethical commitments but also resonates with environmentally conscious consumers (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023). This alignment with sustainability objectives showcases how ethical decision-making can be a driving force behind a company's success while contributing to a sustainable future.

The thematic analysis underscores the importance of incorporating ethical decision-making into an organization's culture. IKEA's approach demonstrates how ethical principles can be operationalized and embedded into everyday decision-making processes (Haraldsson et al., 2020). The company's commitment to clear ethical guidelines, stakeholder engagement, and sustainability alignment offers valuable lessons for organizations seeking to put their commitment to ethical decision-making into action (Cámara Rodrigo, 2023).

 

 

The thematic analysis in this section uncovers the significant obstacles that IKEA faces on its journey towards ethical leadership.

The analysis highlights the intricate challenges of supply chain management at IKEA. Managing a sustainable and ethical supply chain is demanding due to the company's extensive global reach and diverse product range (Haghirian, 2021). This complexity underscores the difficulty of enforcing uniform ethical standards across IKEA's global network of suppliers and partners (Gunawan et al., 2022). The findings bring attention to the risk of ethical lapses and inconsistencies throughout the supply chain, emphasizing the substantial time and resources dedicated to monitoring and upholding ethical norms (Haghirian, 2021). IKEA's ongoing efforts to enhance supply chain transparency and ethical practices are integral to its pursuit of ethical leadership (Rudnev, 2023).

The thematic analysis delves into the persistent challenges in employee management that IKEA faces despite its reputation for caring about workers' rights and welfare (Gunawan et al., 2022). Issues such as pay inequality, suboptimal working conditions, and the complexities of overseeing a multicultural and international workforce are consistently recurring (Sakib, 2022). These difficulties present ongoing concerns for IKEA's commitment to ethical leadership. The findings underscore the company's need to address these challenges comprehensively by continuing to improve labor conditions and staff management policies, fostering a work environment that aligns with its ethical principles (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022).

Thematic analysis reveals the intricate balance IKEA must strike between sustainability, economic growth, and customer needs (Chichilanov, 2022). The study highlights the complexity of ensuring the sustainability and eco-friendliness of products throughout their entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction to final disposal (Chichilanov, 2022). As IKEA endeavors to make sustainable products accessible to a wide consumer base, the research underscores the challenge of reconciling sustainability objectives with affordability considerations (Sebhatu & Enquist, 2022). The findings suggest that IKEA faces a delicate balancing act, needing to find innovative solutions that allow sustainable practices without compromising affordability (Rudnev, 2023).

The thematic analysis underscores that IKEA confronts several challenges on its path to becoming an ethical industry leader (Rudnev, 2023). The complexities of supply chain management, persisting employee management challenges, and the intricate balance between sustainability and affordability all play pivotal roles in IKEA's journey toward ethical leadership (Chichilanov, 2022). The company's commitment to addressing these challenges and finding effective solutions is integral to its ongoing pursuit of ethical leadership and responsible business practices.

Thematic analysis within this section uncovers various strategies and recommendations that can guide IKEA in enhancing its ethical leadership practices, aligning with research findings and best practices.

The findings highlight the significance of investing in cutting-edge supply chain management tools to enhance transparency and real-time product delivery tracking (Dimitrova, 2022). Ensuring that suppliers adhere to ethical and sustainable practices can significantly reduce the risk of unethical behavior within the supply chain (Murenets, 2022). This theme emphasizes IKEA's commitment to ethically sound supply chain management practices and the importance of monitoring and regulating supplier behavior (Nayeem & Faheem, 2021).

The findings underscore the essential role of fostering diverse and inclusive workplaces by providing opportunities for professional growth through training and development programs (Lukács, 2021). The research findings emphasize that an organization-wide dedication to diversity is foundational for ethical decision-making and innovative thinking (Murenets, 2022). This theme accentuates IKEA's commitment to creating a workplace where individuals from diverse backgrounds can thrive, contributing to ethical leadership by embedding diversity and inclusion into the organizational culture (Nayeem & Faheem, 2021).

The findings reveal the strategic importance of continuing IKEA's commitment to sustainable product design and innovation, including the development of eco-friendly goods and educating consumers about responsible choices (Murenets, 2022). Sustainability is highlighted as a key differentiator in the marketplace and a source of pride for employees and consumers. This theme underscores how sustainability can set IKEA apart and emphasizes the company's dedication to ethical leadership through responsible product design and promotion (Murenets, 2022).

Thematic analysis delves into the necessity of actively engaging stakeholders, including consumers, employees, and local communities, in the decision-making process (Dimitrova, 2022). Establishing platforms for regular contact and feedback ensures that stakeholder beliefs and concerns are considered, aligning with IKEA's commitment to ethical leadership. This theme emphasizes the role of stakeholders in the decision-making process and underscores the company's dedication to ethical practices (Elg & Welinder, 2022).

The findings highlight the significance of providing leadership training programs that emphasize ethical decision-making and behavior (Gunawan et al., 2022). These programs equip leaders with the necessary tools to confidently navigate ethical challenges (Elg & Welinder, 2022). This theme underscores the pivotal role of leadership training in fostering ethical leadership throughout the organization (Elg & Welinder, 2022).

The findings underscore the importance of maintaining a commitment to open and detailed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting (Elg & Welinder, 2022). Regularly updating stakeholders on ethical efforts, progress, and impact enhances IKEA's reputation, strengthens its commitment to ethical practices, and positions the company as a leader in sustainability and ethics (Nayeem & Faheem, 2021). This theme emphasizes the significance of transparent communication and consistent CSR reporting in upholding ethical leadership.

 

The thematic analysis of this section delves into the substantial rewards that IKEA has reaped from its commitment to ethical leadership practices, aligning with research findings and broader implications.

Thematic analysis underscores that one of the primary rewards IKEA reaps from ethical leadership is a significantly improved reputation (Ghauri, 2023). The company's dedication to ethical ideals and sustainable operations has notably elevated its reputation, particularly in the realms of environmental responsibility and social consciousness (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021). This theme emphasizes the importance of a reputable business in attracting like-minded customers, earning the trust of stakeholders and the public, and enhancing brand value (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2022).

The thematic analysis highlights the positive impact of ethical leadership on workplace morale (Elg & Welinder, 2022). By fostering a culture of trust and fairness among employees, IKEA experiences reduced turnover rates, heightened morale, and increased employee commitment to organizational goals. This theme underscores how ethical leadership contributes to a harmonious and motivated workforce, which is beneficial for employee retention and productivity (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2022).

Thematic analysis reveals the crucial role of ethical leadership in mitigating risks associated with unethical behavior, legal concerns, and reputational harm (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2022). IKEA's commitment to ethics, transparency, and individual accountability empowers the company to effectively navigate challenging situations. Ethical leadership bolsters the organization's risk management efforts by minimizing potential issues and safeguarding its reputation (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2022).

The thematic analysis emphasizes that IKEA holds an industry-leading position due to its commitment to ethics and sustainability (Obodo, 2020). The company's ethical leadership practices position it at the forefront of the business world. This theme underscores that industry leadership is advantageous, attracting consumers who prioritize moral business practices and environmental responsibility. It positions IKEA for growth and market dominance (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021).

Thematic analysis highlights that IKEA's ethical leadership practices extend their impact beyond the organization itself (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021). Sustainability, ethical sourcing, and community engagement efforts have a broader societal influence. IKEA's steadfast dedication to ethical ideals serves as an example for other companies, inspiring collective improvement in business ethics and responsible decision-making. This theme underscores the far-reaching societal impact of ethical leadership (Obodo, 2020).

The findings underscore the substantial rewards reaped by IKEA through its ethical leadership practices. These rewards encompass an improved reputation, positive workplace morale, risk mitigation, industry leadership, and a positive societal impact (Obodo, 2020). IKEA's commitment to ethics and sustainability has elevated its standing in the market, enhanced employee happiness, reduced risks, positioned the company as an industry leader, and made a meaningful contribution to societal well-being (Rodrigues & Brandão, 2021). These achievements reflect the tangible benefits of ethical leadership both within the organization and beyond.

The thematic analysis of this section reveals a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by IKEA in its journey toward ethical leadership, highlighting the importance of recognizing and addressing these hurdles.

Thematic analysis emphasizes the complexity of supply chain management as a major challenge for IKEA (Englund et al., 2021). Managing a sustainable and ethical supply chain across the company's global operations is intricate. This theme underscores that ensuring ethical standards across the global supply chain necessitates a sustained commitment to transparency, supplier engagement, and robust auditing systems (Fabicka, 2023).

The thematic analysis underscores the challenges in sustaining and expanding IKEA's sustainability efforts (Perlangeli & Rea, 2023). Ethical leadership entails a commitment to responsible practices such as sustainable sourcing and consumption. To overcome these challenges, IKEA needs to invest in research and development, and demonstrate an ongoing commitment to environmental responsibility (Fabicka, 2023).

Thematic analysis reveals the critical role of leadership commitment in preserving ethical leadership practices (Ferrell et al., 2020). Results emphasize that a change in leadership or focus can weaken an organization's ethical culture. This theme underscores the importance of making ethics an integral part of the company's culture and not just the responsibility of a select group of executives (Fabicka, 2023).

The thematic analysis highlights the significance of continuous employee training and awareness programs in preserving ethical leadership practices (Parbat et al., 2022). Employees may inadvertently breach ethics due to a lack of knowledge or understanding. To address this challenge, IKEA relies on comprehensive training programs and open communication to ensure employees are informed about the company's ethical expectations (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023).

Thematic analysis underscores the unique challenges IKEA faces in staying compliant with evolving regulations and ethical norms (Fabicka, 2023). It can be challenging to keep up with shifting ethical norms and regulatory requirements (Parbat et al., 2022). To tackle this challenge, IKEA must actively monitor legislative developments, participate in industry discussions, and engage in compliance activities to stay aligned with evolving standards (Fabicka, 2023).

Thematic analysis highlights the need for IKEA to adopt comprehensive strategies to overcome these challenges (PATYAL, 2022). This includes proactive legal compliance, regular reviews of supply chain and sustainability procedures, inculcating ethical principles into the company's culture, and providing employees with the necessary information and tools to make ethical decisions. A strategic, multifaceted approach will enable IKEA to steadfastly pursue ethical leadership (Enquist & Sebhatu, 2023).

Finally, the Findings section provides a full picture of the ethical leadership and decision-making culture of IKEA. According to the results of this study, there is a robust correlation between ethical leadership principles and the outcomes of organizational decision-making. Many studies and real-world examples have shed light on the impact that ethical leadership can have on organizational culture and policymaking. IKEA has been shown to face difficulties in several key areas, including supply chain management, staff management, and sustainability (Fabicka, 2023). As IKEA works to strengthen its ethical leadership and decision-making processes, these obstacles are crucial considerations.

Additional advantages of ethical leadership that have been highlighted by studies include higher productivity, a better company image, and happier workers. These findings give useful insights for IKEA and other firms trying to encourage ethical leadership and ethical decision-making (Pérez-Pérez et al., 2023). The Discussion chapter will summarize the research findings, relate them to the research objectives, and give a thorough knowledge of IKEA's ethical leadership, decision-making methods, and the synergy between the two. The Discussion will also address the broader ramifications of these results while offering concrete methods and ideas for IKEA to bolster its ethical leadership.

In this chapter, the researcher revisits the primary research objectives focused on exploring IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making practices. The thematic analysis conducted unveils key findings, providing a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between leadership principles and organizational decision processes. The thematic lens applied facilitates the unraveling of IKEA's commitment to ethical values and its consequential impact on decision outcomes. This section offers a concise overview of the pivotal insights derived from the exploration, laying the foundation for an in-depth discussion on the implications and applications of these findings in the subsequent sections.

In scrutinizing IKEA's ethical leadership practices, several key dimensions come to light. Firstly, the leadership at IKEA exhibits a commitment to transparency, inclusivity, and accountability. This is evident in practices such as open communication channels, employee involvement in decision-making, and fostering a culture of responsibility. These practices align with established ethical principles of honesty, fairness, and respect, as highlighted in the literature on ethical leadership (Brown & Treviño, 2006).

Moreover, IKEA's ethical leadership goes beyond mere adherence to guidelines; it actively shapes the organizational culture. The emphasis on sustainability, diversity, and responsible sourcing not only reflects ethical considerations but also cultivates a distinct organizational ethos. The impact of ethical leadership on organizational culture is evident in employee experiences (Watanavong, 2021). The workforce perceives IKEA as a socially responsible and values-driven entity, fostering a positive work environment.

Comparing these findings with theoretical frameworks on ethical organizational culture, such as Schein's model, reveals a congruence between espoused values and enacted values at IKEA. The leadership's commitment to ethical principles is not merely symbolic but deeply ingrained in the organizational fabric, influencing day-to-day practices (Schein, 2010).

The interplay between ethical leadership and organizational culture at IKEA contributes to a workplace where employees feel heard, valued, and aligned with the company's overarching values. This not only fosters a sense of belonging but also positively influences employee morale and engagement (Brown et al., 2005). The findings underscore the importance of ethical leadership not only as a set of practices but as a transformative force shaping the very essence of IKEA's organizational identity.

In the realm of decision-making at IKEA, inclusivity and stakeholder engagement emerge as pivotal aspects. The company places a premium on hearing diverse perspectives from all levels of staff, promoting inclusivity in the decision-making process. Stakeholder engagement is not merely a procedural requirement but a strategic approach, involving suppliers, customers, and communities. This inclusive decision-making aligns with established models, particularly the consensus and participatory models, emphasizing collaboration and diverse input (Janis, 1982; Hart, 1997).

However, this inclusive approach is not without its challenges. The complexities of international decision-making, cultural nuances, and legal considerations pose substantial hurdles. Despite these challenges, IKEA demonstrates resilience through innovative solutions and a commitment to ethical decision-making. The challenges are mitigated through a combination of technology-driven solutions, adherence to ethical principles, and a dedication to environmental responsibility.

Literature on decision-making in complex organizations, such as Cyert and March's behavioral theory, provides a lens to understand how IKEA navigates these challenges (Cyert & March, 1963). IKEA's approach reflects a dynamic and adaptive decision-making process, where the challenges become opportunities for innovation and improvement. The findings underscore the intricate interplay between inclusivity, stakeholder engagement, and effective decision-making, positioning IKEA as an organization that thrives on embracing diversity and complexity in its decision-making processes.

Within the complex landscape of challenges, IKEA adeptly tackles hurdles in supply chain management and employee management. In the realm of supply chain management, the findings illuminate IKEA's commitment to sustainable practices, transparency, and responsible sourcing. The company strategically integrates ethical considerations into its supply chain, aligning with contemporary literature on sustainable supply chain management (Carter & Rogers, 2008). IKEA's emphasis on responsible sourcing not only reflects a commitment to ethical business but also serves as a proactive response to the demands of eco-conscious consumers.

Turning the lens to employee management, IKEA's strategies for navigating a diverse and multicultural workforce emerge as crucial. The company employs a multifaceted approach that includes diversity initiatives, comprehensive training programs, and a culture of inclusivity. These strategies resonate with contemporary theories on effective human resource management, where diversity and training are recognized as key components of a thriving organizational culture (Cascio & Boudreau, 2011).

The literature on human resource management underscores the importance of fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace to enhance organizational performance and employee satisfaction (Jackson et al., 2003). IKEA's approach aligns with these principles, demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the role of diversity, training, and inclusivity in creating a positive and productive work environment. The findings showcase IKEA's ability to address challenges not as insurmountable obstacles but as opportunities for strategic innovation and ethical leadership.

In the intricate tapestry of IKEA's organizational fabric, the seamless integration of ethical leadership and decision-making stands out as a key catalyst for success. The findings illuminate a compelling synergy between IKEA's ethical leadership practices and its decision-making processes. Leaders at IKEA, committed to upholding the company's ethical principles, model these values in their decisions, fostering a culture where ethics play a pivotal role in policymaking.

Concrete examples from the findings showcase how this alignment contributes to positive outcomes. For instance, decisions driven by ethical considerations, such as prioritizing sustainable practices and responsible sourcing, not only resonate with the company's values but also bolster IKEA's brand image and appeal to conscientious consumers (Watanavong, 2021). The commitment to ethical labor standards, eco-friendly product selection, and responsible sourcing serves as evidence of the impact of ethical leadership on decision-making outcomes.

The implications of this synergy are profound, extending beyond immediate decision outcomes. Organizational success, defined by sustained profitability, positive brand reputation, and stakeholder trust, is intricately linked to this fusion of ethical leadership and decision-making. Moreover, the emphasis on sustainability in decision-making aligns with broader industry trends and societal expectations, positioning IKEA as a socially responsible and forward-thinking entity.

This harmonious integration not only contributes to organizational success but also reinforces sustainability, ensuring that decisions align not only with current ethical standards but also with the evolving expectations of a socially conscious global audience. The findings underscore the symbiotic relationship between ethical leadership and decision-making, portraying them not as disparate elements but as integral components in IKEA's journey toward enduring success and ethical prominence.

In navigating the path towards continuous improvement, IKEA can leverage the insights gleaned from the findings to fortify its ethical leadership and decision-making practices. Firstly, fostering a culture of continuous ethical learning and development can be instrumental. Implementing regular training programs for leaders and employees alike would ensure that everyone is well-versed in ethical principles and their practical applications in decision-making processes.

Furthermore, enhancing stakeholder engagement mechanisms is pivotal. Establishing more robust channels for soliciting input from diverse stakeholders, including employees, customers, and local communities, can enrich the decision-making process. This inclusivity ensures that decisions are not only ethically grounded but also reflective of the varied perspectives within and outside the organization.

Addressing potential challenges requires a nuanced approach. IKEA should proactively communicate the rationale behind these recommendations, emphasizing the long-term benefits for the organization. Resistance to change, especially in well-established corporate cultures, may pose challenges. Therefore, fostering an environment that encourages open dialogue and embraces feedback will be essential in overcoming any initial resistance.

Delving into future research avenues, it is imperative to consider areas that can contribute to the evolving landscape of ethical leadership and decision-making. Firstly, exploring the long-term impact of ethical leadership on organizational performance and sustainability could be a promising avenue. Investigating how sustained ethical practices influence financial outcomes, employee satisfaction, and stakeholder trust over extended periods would provide valuable insights.

Additionally, there is potential for in-depth examinations of the role of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in decision-making processes within ethical frameworks. As technological advancements reshape organizational landscapes, understanding how these tools can be leveraged ethically and how they impact decision-making will be crucial.

Furthermore, future research could focus on the contextual nuances of ethical leadership across diverse industries and cultural settings. A comparative analysis of ethical leadership practices in various organizational contexts could shed light on the adaptability and universality of these principles (Watanavong, 2021). In addressing potential gaps in the current study, future research might explore the intricacies of the implementation of ethical leadership practices at different hierarchical levels within organizations. Understanding how these practices cascade through various layers and impact decision-making across the organizational hierarchy would provide a more comprehensive perspective.

In conclusion, this discussion has underscored the pivotal role of ethical leadership and effective decision-making in IKEA's organizational fabric. Examining leadership practices, decision-making processes, and strategies for addressing challenges has revealed the profound impact of ethical principles on organizational culture and success. As IKEA navigates complexities in supply chain and employee management, the synergy between ethical leadership and decision-making emerges as a linchpin for sustained success. Acknowledging these findings reinforces the imperative for IKEA to prioritize and enhance its ethical leadership, ensuring a resilient and sustainable future for the organization.

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making practices. The exploration delved into identified practices, their impact on organizational dynamics, and strategies for overcoming challenges.  The thematic analysis unearthed critical insights into IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making. Notably, the study identified robust ethical leadership practices, showcasing alignment with established principles. The impact on organizational culture and decision-making processes, along with adeptly addressing challenges, emerged as recurrent themes. This summary encapsulates the essence of the findings, emphasizing the intricate synergy between ethical leadership and effective decision-making at IKEA.

The thematic analysis delved into IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making, revealing a tapestry of noteworthy findings. Ethical leadership practices at IKEA were identified, reflecting a commitment to honesty, openness, inclusivity, and sustainability (Wu et al., 2021). These practices harmonized with established ethical principles, establishing a robust ethical framework (Ingelsten, 2023). The impact on organizational culture was evident, fostering an environment where ethical ideals were integrated into decision-making processes. Challenges in supply chain and employee management were addressed through sustainable practices, transparency, and diversity initiatives.

The synergy between ethical leadership and decision-making emerged as a driving force, with leaders modeling ethical values and inclusive decision-making processes. This synergy, supported by evidence and examples, showcased positive implications for organizational success and sustainability. Recommendations for improvement highlighted actionable steps for IKEA to enhance its ethical leadership and decision-making further. The study identified avenues for future research, emphasizing continuous exploration in this dynamic field. In conclusion, the findings underscored the pivotal role of ethical leadership in shaping a responsible and successful organizational landscape at IKEA.

This study significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge on ethical leadership and decision-making, particularly within the context of IKEA. By employing a thematic analysis approach, it unveils nuanced insights into the specific ethical leadership practices and decision-making processes unique to IKEA. The identification and analysis of these practices contribute a granular understanding of how a global corporation integrates ethical principles into its leadership and operational frameworks (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022).

Novel insights emerge from the examination of the synergy between ethical leadership and decision-making, providing a deeper understanding of how these elements interplay for organizational success (Wu et al., 2021). The study adds value by not only confirming established ethical practices but by offering a comprehensive exploration of their impact on organizational culture, stakeholder engagement, and broader sustainability efforts.

The findings further enrich the literature by addressing challenges in supply chain and employee management, providing practical examples of how these challenges can be mitigated in a real-world corporate setting. Overall, this study expands the knowledge landscape by providing specific, context-rich insights into the practices and outcomes of ethical leadership at IKEA, offering valuable lessons for both academia and practitioners.

The practical implications of this research for IKEA are profound. The identified ethical leadership practices and effective decision-making strategies serve as a blueprint for enhancing organizational culture and stakeholder engagement. IKEA can leverage these insights to foster a workplace environment that values inclusivity, transparency, and sustainability (Watanavong, 2021). The findings inform tangible strategies for addressing challenges in supply chain and employee management, guiding IKEA in implementing sustainable and ethical practices. This research offers actionable recommendations, providing IKEA with practical steps to enhance its ethical leadership and decision-making processes, reinforcing the alignment of its actions with ethical principles and long-term organizational success (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022).

 

Despite rigorous efforts, this study has some limitations. Firstly, the reliance on existing literature and official documents may introduce a potential bias, as it depends on the accuracy and completeness of the available information. Additionally, the study primarily focuses on publicly accessible data, limiting the depth of insights into internal practices. The thematic analysis approach, while robust, might not capture every nuance of ethical leadership and decision-making (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022). Furthermore, the research context is dynamic, and findings reflect a specific timeframe, potentially limiting generalizability. These limitations underscore the need for future research to delve deeper into specific organizational aspects and address temporal considerations.

Future research should delve into the long-term impacts of ethical leadership and decision-making on organizational performance, considering financial metrics, employee satisfaction, and stakeholder perceptions. Exploring the role of emerging technologies in enhancing transparency and ethical practices within supply chains could be fruitful. Additionally, investigating the cross-cultural implications of IKEA's ethical leadership practices may offer valuable insights (Zhao et al., 2023). Further studies could also assess the effectiveness of specific interventions aimed at addressing challenges identified in this research, such as strategies for sustainable supply chain management and innovative approaches to diverse workforce management. These recommendations aim to enrich our understanding of ethical leadership dynamics and decision-making processes in evolving organizational landscapes (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022).

Embarking on this research journey into IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making has been illuminating. Navigating through thematic analyses revealed intricate patterns that underscore the company's commitment to ethical principles. As we conclude, it is evident that IKEA's practices carry broader implications for organizational ethics and leadership. The study not only contributes valuable insights to academia but also offers practical takeaways for businesses striving for ethical excellence (Ingelsten, 2023). IKEA's journey becomes a testament to the enduring importance of ethical leadership in fostering sustainable and impactful decision-making within organizations. The exploration of IKEA's ethical leadership and decision-making practices unraveled a tapestry of principles that resonate with organizational excellence (Zhao et al., 2023). From unveiling ethical leadership practices to dissecting decision-making intricacies, the study illuminated IKEA's commitment to values. The synergy between ethical leadership and decision-making emerged as a linchpin for IKEA's success (Abrahamsson & Johannesson, 2022).

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Zhao, H., Chen, Y., & Liu, W. (2023). Socially responsible human resource management and employee moral voice: Based on the self-determination theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 183(3), 929-946. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hongdan-Zhao/publication/359211685_Socially_Responsible_Human_Resource_Management_and_Employee_Moral_Voice_Based_on_the_Self-determination_Theory/links/623b34c542cbca4e75c4bc5f/Socially-Responsible-Human-Resource-Management-and-Employee-Moral-Voice-Based-on-the-Self-determination-Theory.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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