Hands-on binary exploitation work covering four classic memory-corruption vulnerability classes: stack buffer overflows, format string bugs, stack-based control-flow hijacking, and integer-overflow-driven heap corruption. Each bug was analysed at the assembly level in GDB, with crafted inputs used to trigger the fault, trace the root cause, and confirm exploitability.

Buffer overflow: traced attacker-controlled input overwriting adjacent stack variables and the saved return address

Format string exploitation: used injected format specifiers to leak raw stack memory and confirm information disclosure

Integer overflow to heap corruption: identified an unchecked allocation size wrapping to zero, then exploited the resulting undersized buffer