Indoor Air Quality: Reducing Health Risks at Home

When we think about air pollution, we often imagine crowded cities, congested streets, and factory smoke. However, many people don’t realise that the air inside their homes can be just as polluted as the air outside.

Poor indoor air quality can significantly impact health, causing breathing problems, allergies, and even serious long-term conditions. Understanding the risks of indoor air pollution and taking steps to improve the quality of air you breathe at home can help protect you and those around you.

Here, we’ll explore common sources of indoor air pollution, its effects on health, and practical strategies to enhance indoor air quality.

Indoor air pollution occurs when airborne impurities (contaminants) build up inside homes and buildings, leading to poor air quality. Since most people spend the majority of their time indoors, especially in colder months, exposure to these air pollutants can have lasting effects on their health.

Some of the common indoor air pollutants include:

Particulate matter: These are tiny airborne particles that are released from cooking, smoking, candles, fireplaces, as well as outdoor air pollution that can become trapped indoors.

Volatile organic compounds: Found in common household cleaning products, paints, and air fresheners.

Mould and mildew: High humidity levels can lead to growth of mould, releasing harmful spores into the air.

Carbon monoxide: This highly dangerous, odourless, and colourless gas is produced by gas stoves, fireplaces, and heating systems. High levels can be deadly, making proper ventilation and monitoring essential.

Dust and pet dander: These are common allergens that can cause breathing irritation, especially in sensitive individuals.

Radon gas: This is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can seep into homes from the ground, and is linked to lung cancer.

The impact of poor indoor air quality varies depending on the type and level of pollutants, as well as individual sensitivity. Some health effects include:

-Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat

-Headaches and dizziness

-Fatigue and difficulty concentrating

-Allergic reactions, such as sneezing, congestion, and itchy skin

-Long-term health consequences that can affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, increasing the risk of conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, and heart attacks.

-Additionally, prolonged exposure may also increase the risk of developing cancer.

The good news is that there are several steps you can take to reduce indoor air pollution and create a healthier living environment.

Improve ventilation: Proper airflow helps reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. Open windows and doors regularly to allow fresh air to circulate. Also, use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms to remove moisture and fumes.

Use air purifiers: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can capture airborne particles like dust, pet dander, and mould spores. Consider placing air purifiers in frequently used areas of the house, such as bedrooms and living rooms, to improve air quality, especially in homes with poor airflow.

Control humidity levels: Keeping indoor humidity between 30-50% helps prevent mould growth and reduces dust mites. If necessary, use dehumidifiers in damp areas, fix any water leaks, and quickly dry wet surfaces. Also, it's helpful to use exhaust fans when cooking or showering to reduce moisture buildup.

Reduce indoor pollutants: Avoid smoking indoors, as secondhand smoke contains hundreds of harmful chemicals. So, it's best for your health to keep your home a smoke-free environment.

Choose household products carefully: Choose cleaning supplies, paints, and furnishings that contain little to no volatile organic compounds. Whenever possible, use natural alternatives like vinegar or baking soda for cleaning. Also, make sure to store chemicals and solvents in a well-ventilated area of the house, or even outside if possible.

Keep your home clean: A clean home is a healthy home. Reduce the buildup of allergens and pollutants by regularly hoovering carpets, rugs, and upholstery. Wash bedding, curtains, and soft furnishings frequently to remove dust and other allergens. It's also important to routinely dust surfaces with a damp cloth to trap any dust particles.

Test for harmful gases: Since radon and carbon monoxide are invisible and odourless, testing is essential. Try hiring a professional to assess your home and install carbon monoxide detectors near sleeping areas and fuel-burning appliances.

Introduce indoor plants: Some houseplants, such as peace lilies, snake plants, and spider plants, can help filter toxins from the air, offering an effective complement to other air-quality measures.

Indoor air quality is a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of home health. It's not just about comfort, but a proactive step towards better wellbeing.

Simple actions can significantly improve the living environment for yourself and your loved ones. Investing in these small but effective changes can help you breathe more easily, sleep better, and enjoy a safer, healthier home.