CAR-T is one of the hardest therapies to explain, because there are now two very different ways of doing it. We made two short schematic animations so the difference is clear in seconds.
In vivo CAR-T
No cells leave the patient. Viral vectors or nanoparticles go in through a simple IV injection and reach the T cells already circulating in the blood. The new CAR-T cells expand inside the body and attack the tumor.
No leukapheresis and no lab manufacturing. The reprogramming happens inside the patient.
Ex vivo CAR-T
This is the classic way. T cells are collected from the patient through leukapheresis. They are isolated and activated outside the body, given a CAR gene using viral vectors, expanded in a lab, and then infused back into the patient.
Every step happens outside the body before the therapy goes back in.
Why schematic
A clean schematic style keeps the focus on the steps, not the decoration. Each step is numbered, so it works on a slide, in a pitch deck or on a website.