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India with its diverse agro climatic stands most significant in its agricultural activities in the world, the fertile soil, plains, abundant rainfall. Agriculture accounts 14 percent of indias gdp contribution and 58% of population depends on agriculture.
the major crops of India, exploring their significance, cultivation practices, economic impact, and the role they play in shaping the agricultural landscape of the country.
India's major crops produce
crop categories
Food grains - Rice, wheat, maize, millets, jowar, bajra, ragi, pulses- gram, tur,
Cash crops cotton, jute, sugarcane, Tobacco, oilseed, groundnut, linseed, sesamum, castor, seed, Rapeseed, and mustard.
Plantation crops Tea, coffee, spices pepper, cardamom, chilies,Turmeric, Ginger, coconut Arecanut, and Rupper
Horticulture Apple, peach, pear, Apricot, Almond, Strawberry, Walnut, Mango, Banana, citrus fruits, vegetables,
Gross cropped Area of major crops in India
Rice 22.30
Jowar 8.15
Bajra Maize, Ragi,
Wheat 16.17%
Barley
Other cereals and Millets
Coarse cereals 12.86%
Total cereals 51.33%
Total pulses 10.94%
Total food grains 62.67%
Total fruits 2.11%
Total vegetables 2.92%
Total oilseeds 14.33%
Total fibres 6.82
image source - wikimedia commons major crops
Leading Crop production state-wise
total crop production and distribution in states' ranking are
Total food crops- 1. Uttar Pradesh 2. Madhyapradesh 3.
Total pulses - M.p
Total oils
Total cereals grains - Karnataka
Total spices - MP Rajasthan gujarat
Major crop of india production and characteristics
Rice is grown between 8 to 30 degrees north latitude and temperature 20 to 30 degree Celsius, Rainfall is 150cm for growing rice
India is the second largest producer after China, and the major states produce rice in India are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab
Wheat
2nd largest producer
Temperature 10 to 15 degrees in winter, and 21 to 26 degrees Celsius in summers
Rainfall 50 to 75 cm.
Leading states in wheat production are 1. Uttar Pradesh(Western UP) 2. MP (Malva)3. Punjab
Maize
Semi-arid climate Temperature requires 21 to 27 degrees
Queen of cereals Rain(50 to 100 cm), Kharif crop in Tamil Nadu it is Rabi crop.
Leading Producers are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
India is the second-largest producer
Millets
Coarse food grains Jowar Bajra Ragi are called millets
Warm weather, International Year of Millets 2023
Jowar is kharif in north India and Rabi crop in south India.
26 to 33 degrees Celsius temperature and rainfall 30 to 60 cm.
Leading producers of jowar Maharashtra, Karnataka, and rajasthan.
Bajra
Kharif crop, Bullrush millet grown in drier parts of the country. Dry and warm climate.
Rain is between 40 to 50 cm, and temperature is between 25 to 35 degree Celsius.
Leading producers of bajra are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana.
Ragi
Temperature 20 to 30 degrees celsius and Rainfall between 50 to 100 cm annually,
Soil red, light black sandy loamy drained well.
Distribution Karnataka, Uttarakhand Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh.
Pulses
Mostly leguminous vegetarian protein
Madhya Pradesh is the highest producer followed by Maharashtra and Rajasthan.
India is the largest producer in the world.
Gram
Rabi crop, grows in Temperatures 20 to 25 degrees Celsius and Rainfall is 40 to 50 cm.
Producer states 1. Maharashtra, MP Rajasthan
Tur arhar
Kharif crops grown in mild winters
Leading producers Maharashtra, Karnataka up mp, and Gujarat.
oil seeds
largest producer of oilseed in the world is India, and cropped area in India is 14%,
Grown in diverse agroecological conditions, there are 9 oilseed crops
7 edible - Groundnut, Rapeseed and Mustard, Soyabean, seasum, safflower,and Niger.
2 nonedible - Castor, and linseed.
leading producers are 1. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat.
list of oilseeds production in states or regions
coconut - Kerala,
castor seed - Gujarat,
linseed- Chattisgarh,
Soybean- M.P and Maharashtra,
Mustard and rapeseed- Rajasthan, M.P. and Haryana.
Sunflower Karnataka, Haryana, and Orissa.
Groundnut - Gujarat
major oilseed
40 to 50 % oil
climate - Tropical crop Temperature is 20 to 30 degrees C.
and Rainfall 50 to 75 cm.
Production in 1. Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Tamilnadu
Linseed
35 to 47% oil.
used in manufacturing paints, printing ink and waterproof fabrics,
conditions cool and moist, Rainfall- 75 cm and Temperature - 20 celsius
India is 3rd largest producer,
producing states- M.P., UP, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra,
Castor seeds - 50 % oil used in lubricants, hair oil, and leather tanning.
conditions Tropical subtropical, leaves as feed for silkworm,
20 to 25 degrees Celsius, soil - Red, sandy loams, alluvial soils.
India 2nd after Brazil
Soyabean
Protein and food oil khrif crop
Temperature 134 to 24 degreee celsius, Rainfall - 40 to 60 cm. Needed 3 to 4 times irrigation grown in acidic loamy soil.
Producer states are MP Maharastra and Rajasthan in survey 2023 Maharashtra as highest producer,
Rapeseed and Mustard
India is the largest producer
Type- Subtropical crop, Rabi crop
cannot bear too much cold
Producer states - Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Haryana and UP
Sunflower
Grown throughout year in 15 to 25 degreee celsius temperature, rainfall 50 cm
low temperature harmful
producer states are Karnataka, Telanghana and Orissa
Sesamum
India is the largest producer in the world
Kharif crop in north India and rabi crop in south India
temperature 20 to 25 degrees Celsius Rainfall - 50 100 cm
producer states Gujarat Tamilnadu and West Bengal, Karnataka, and mp
Cash crops
High commercial value grown for the purpose of earning profit
Sugarcane indigenous crop
used as a source of sugar, jaggery, and khandsari
conditions - 18 months to mature,
hot humid climate, and temperature - 21 to 27 degrees Celsius and rainfall - 75 to 100cm.
production India is the second largest producer after Brazil
sugarcane producer States - UP, MH, Karnataka, and sugar-producing states are Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka
Sugarcane Research Institute is located in Tamil Nadu 1912
Cotton
Fiber crop
Grown in Tropical and subtropical areas
Temperature is 21 to 30 degrees Celsius and Rainfall is 50 to 100cm
India is 3rd largest producer of cotton and the major states producing cotton are 1. Gujarat, 2. Maharashtra, and 3.Telangana
Jute
Hot and Humid region Temperature - 20 to 40 degrees Celsius and Rainfall is 120 to 150 cm
contribution of major crops and mineral resources in India is highest in its economic wealth
conclusion
The crops
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