This memory controller is optimized to maintain a high data throughput and continuous sequential burst operations. The controller handles the reset sequence, refresh sequence, mode register configuration, bank status tracking, timing delay tracking, command issuing, and the PHY's calibration. The PHY's calibration handles the bitslip training, read-DQ/DQS alignment via MPR (read calibration), write-DQ/DQS alignment via write leveling (write calibration), and also an optional comprehensive read/write test.