Just came across this really cool video from Tsoding, where he explains how computers produce 3D graphics.
TLDR, the main takeaway is as simple as this formula:
(x, y, z)
x' = x/z
y' = y/z
But he also dives into concepts like the rotation matrix, drawing vertices and edges, and how you can create a super simple 3D engine using HTML context and display a penger model. The source code is also out for anyone who wants to play with it.
I've always wondered how computers process 3D, and why different 3D softwares have a differently oriented axis, and this answers a lot of those questions for me. Would highly recommend anyone working with 3D with a nerdy itch for algorithms to check out this video!