User Research: conduct user research to understand the target audience's needs, behaviors, and preferences. This includes surveys, interviews, and analyzing user data to inform design decisions.

Information Architecture: structure the information and content on a website or application, ensuring it is organized logically and intuitively. This involves creating sitemaps and defining navigation pathways.

Wireframing: Before diving into visual design, designers create wireframes, which are simplified, schematic representations of a webpage or app screen. Wireframes focus on layout and functionality.

Prototyping: develop interactive prototypes to simulate the user experience. Prototypes allow for usability testing and refinement of the user flow and functionality.

Visual Design: This aspect involves creating the visual elements of an interface, such as color schemes, typography, icons, and graphics. Visual designers ensure that the interface is aesthetically pleasing and aligns with the brand's identity.