Clients often struggle with: migrating from single-tenant to multi-tenant, performance at scale, compliance (GDPR, SOC2), and tenant-specific customizations. I address these with clear architecture decisions, documentation, and incremental migrations that don't disrupt existing users. Migrating to multi-tenant is a significant undertaking—I plan it in phases, add tenant context gradually, and ensure data integrity throughout. For performance, I optimize queries, add indexes, and use caching where appropriate. Compliance requirements often need audit logs, data export, and deletion—I build these into the architecture.