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Uduak Eti
๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ซ ๐๐ง๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐๐, ๐๐จ๐ญ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ซ ๐๐ง๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐ญ This article looks at why plain language alone isn't always enough to make health information clear and useful, and how we can help people really understand it by testing with intended audiences, being specific about what to do, using examples that fit their culture, and checking understanding with teach-back. This piece shows how I take complex health research and turn it into clear, practical content that helps readers understand what health information means and what to do with it. Link to the article. (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/clear-enough-read-act-uduak-eti-bcule) People donโt always struggle with health information and services because they canโt read. Health information can be medically accurate and easy enough to read, yet still fail to help people understand what it means or what they should do. We often talk about health literacy as though it is simply about communication between doctors and their patients or about medical writers developing written materials in plain language. Health literacy begins in early childhood, long before a child can read or write. Children develop it through interactions with caregivers, family members, schools, and communities. It involves the ability to find, understand, evaluate, and use health information and services to make informed health-related decisions and take appropriate action for ourselves and others. People can misunderstand health information even when it's written in plain, simple language because understanding depends on more than just simple words and short sentences. ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ฐ ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ง๐ Plain language can reduce misunderstanding, but it doesn't put an end to it. It can make it easier to understand risks, recognise misinformation, and respond to warnings about severe weather or environmental hazards. Several factors can affect how someone understands and uses a health message. A personโs health literacy skills can affect how easily they find, understand, and act on information. However, understanding does not depend on individuals alone. Healthcare organisations also shape whether people can understand and act. Different cultures hold different beliefs about sickness, risk, and treatment, and these beliefs can affect how people understand health information. A reader may struggle to understand a health message when they are unfamiliar with the language, when there is a translation error, or when vague wording is used. Medical terms and instructions can also confuse a patient, even when the information uses clear and simple words. Information about dosage should specify the amount to take and when to take it. Numbers can be especially tricky to understand. People may interpret a โ50% increase in riskโ very differently from โrisk rises from 2 in 1,000 to 3 in 1,000,โ even though both describe the same relative change. The second example makes the actual difference easier to see. Pain, fear, stress, time pressure, and information overload can affect attention, memory, and decision-making. These factors show why plain language is important, but not always enough. ๐๐จ๐ง'๐ญ ๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐: ๐๐ก๐๐๐ค ๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐ For health communication to be effective, professionals and writers should combine plain language with practical ways of checking understanding. Be specific about what you want people to do. Instead of saying โTake twice dailyโ, say โTake one tablet in the morning and one in the eveningโ, when that schedule is appropriate for the medicine. Explain symptoms, side effects, and warning signs using simple examples. It is also important to use the language your intended audience prefers and understands, along with culturally relevant examples. Before you publish, test your written materials with members of the intended audience. Ask them what they think the message is about, what they will do next, and which parts remain unclear. Teach-back is a way to check whether the information was understood. It tests whether the explanation was clear; it is not a test of the patient. Ask the person to explain, in their own words, what they understand and what they will do. For example: โI want to be sure my explanation was clear. Can you please tell me how you will take this medication when you get home?โ ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง Plain language is a good starting point, but clear words do not always guarantee clear understanding. We should not assume that people understand us simply because we have explained something clearly. A better test is whether they understood what we meant, know what to do next, and can act on it. ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ World Health Organization (WHO). Low health literacy is costing health (2025). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09619 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Plain Language Materials & Resources. https://www.cdc.gov/health-literacy/php/develop-materials/plain-language.html Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). Interventions to Promote Health Literacy in Children, Adolescents, and Supporting Adults (2025). https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-kartlagger/interventions-to-promote-health-literacy-in-children-adolescents-and-supporting-adults/ NIH/PMC. Health promotion through reading in the first thousand days (2025). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12716577/
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oluwole adegboyega
Sacred Whispers: A Path to Self Realization Sacred Whispers is my exploration of what it actually means to come home to yourself. It's not a step-by-step self-help formula โ it's a quieter kind of guide, walking through the inner journey of self-realization: the noise we carry, the stillness underneath it, and the slow, honest work of reconnecting with who we are beneath everything we've been taught to be. I wrote it for anyone who feels like they've been living a little outside their own life and wants a path back in. It's available now on Selar.
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Habiba Usman
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Animasaun Abdurrahman
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D. Tena Bolous-Indiamaowei
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Philip Nebolisa
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Tochukwu Emecheta
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Uduak Eti
๐๐ก๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง: ๐๐ก๐ฒ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐๐๐ง ๐๐จ๐จ๐ค ๐๐ข๐ค๐ โ๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌโ A public health article explaining how cerebral malaria attacks the brain and why it can turn life-threatening. I broke down the science behind the condition, from how it develops to symptoms like confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness, and explained it in plain language that a general reader could follow without losing what makes it credible. This piece shows my ability to translate complex medical research into clear language without losing the science. Link to the article. (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JpqugZqCngM6AIbQH9Oh-YhrupnthcbZ/view?usp=drivesdk) ๐๐ก๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ง ๐ ๐ ๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ Is it malaria, typhoid, or something else? Confusion can be a medical emergency. When malaria is severe, it can go beyond fever and chills and affect the brain. This can cause dramatic changes in behaviour, consciousness, and thinking that may look frightening or confusing to an untrained observer, and could be mistaken for madness. This condition is called cerebral malaria. ๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ซ๐ข๐? Cerebral malaria is a very serious form of malaria that affects the brain. It is caused by ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐, the deadliest malaria parasite. This parasite is responsible for most severe malaria and malaria deaths. And yes, it is caused by the same parasite that causes malaria. But this isn't just a case of someone having a high fever and feeling weak. Cerebral malaria can cause a person to become confused, act very differently from normal, have seizures, or even lose consciousness and fall into a coma. The WHO defines cerebral malaria as an unarousable coma that persists even after other temporary causes, such as low blood sugar or the temporary effects of a recent seizure, have been corrected. In simpler terms, the person's brain has been affected so severely that they become completely unresponsive. They cannot be woken up by normal stimulation, such as loud sounds or shaking. That is what makes cerebral malaria so dangerous. ๐๐ก๐ฒ ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ญ ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐ ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐๐จ๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐ฏ๐๐ฌ? So, how can malaria make someone confused, behave strangely, or even become unconscious? Remember, ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ is a parasite that lives in red blood cells. The parasites do not go directly into the brain tissue. Instead, as the infection becomes severe, these infected cells stick to the walls of the tiny blood vessels in the brain and get trapped there.ย This blocks blood flow and reduces oxygen to the brain. It causes inflammation, swelling, and changes that can damage brain function.ย Chemicals in the brain get out of balance.ย All this causes the brain to function poorly. And when the brain is not functioning well, the effects can be dramatic. ย ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐ฆ๐๐ฒ: ย ย โข Become confused or disoriented.ย ย ย โข See or hear things that are not there (hallucinations).ย ย ย โข Act aggressively, violently, or very strangely.ย ย ย โข Have seizures and then be very drowsy or agitated.ย ย ย โข Talk in a way that does not make sense. So, what may look like a sudden change in someone's personality or behaviour may actually be a sign that their brain is in serious trouble. ๐๐ก๐ฒ ๐๐ญ ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ค๐๐ง ๐๐จ๐ซ โ๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌโ In many communities, especially where mental health literacy is limited, these sudden changes can look like the person is having a mental health crisis. Others may think it is typhoid or even that the person is possessed by spirits. But cerebral malaria can cause some of these same outward signs. The important difference is that these changes can be caused by a severe infection affecting the brain. They do not automatically mean that the person has a mental illness. This is why it is dangerous to make assumptions based only on what you can see. Many people may not recognise that these symptoms require urgent medical attention. If the behaviour is mistaken for a mental health problem, typhoid, or something supernatural, the person may not receive the medical treatment they urgently need. Don't dismiss the behaviour as โmadnessโ. It could be the brain signalling that something is seriously wrong. ๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฎ ๐๐จ? If a person with suspected or confirmed malaria becomes confused, unusually sleepy, very weak, unconscious, has seizures, or has trouble breathing, treat it as an emergency. ๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐จ: โข Don't wait to see if they get better. โข Take them to the nearest hospital immediately for urgent medical assessment and treatment. โข Don't assume it is only a mental health problem, typhoid, or something supernatural. โข Don't try to manage severe symptoms at home. โข Don't restrain the person unless it is necessary to prevent immediate injury. A sudden change in behaviour should not be assumed to be purely psychiatric without urgent medical assessment. โข If a seizure happens, move nearby objects away to prevent injury. Do not put anything in the person's mouth, and do not force food or drink. Most importantly, get medical help quickly. ๐๐ก๐ฒ ๐ ๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐๐ญ๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ฌ Cerebral malaria is an important public health problem because it can be life-threatening and can leave lasting effects, especially in children. Surviving is not always the end of the story. Even when a person survives cerebral malaria, some may have long-term problems, such as: ย ย โข Trouble concentrating, learning, or remembering. ย ย โข Behavioural changes, mood problems, or lasting mental health effects.ย ย ย โข Difficulty at school or at work. Children who survive cerebral malaria may be particularly affected, and some may need follow-up care for learning and behaviour problems. This is why recognising the warning signs early and getting medical care quickly can save lives and help reduce the risk of long-term brain damage. ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ค๐๐๐ฐ๐๐ฒ Malaria is more than a fever. When it becomes severe, it can be life-threatening. And while children are particularly affected by severe malaria, adults can also become seriously ill, including travellers visiting malaria-endemic regions and pregnant women. When we recognise sudden changes in behaviour, we shouldn't delay urgent medical care. Cerebral malaria needs immediate antimalarial treatment and supportive care in the hospital. This is also why continued investment in malaria prevention, including treated mosquito nets, indoor spraying, and malaria vaccines, matters, alongside early diagnosis and rapid treatment. Sometimes, what looks like a change in behaviour is actually a medical emergency. ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ [World Health Organization (WHO) โ Malaria] (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria) [WHO Guidelines for Malaria]ย (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/guidelines-for-malaria) [Neuropsychiatric Profile in Malaria: An Overview] (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5020222/) [Cerebral Malaria and Neuronal Implications of Plasmodium falciparum Infection: From Mechanisms to Advanced Models](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9798991/) [Human cerebral malaria and the blood-brain barrier](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16616145/)
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oluwole adegboyega
Brand Storytelling & Advertising Copy [Visual: speech bubble with copy lines โ "Copy that sounds like the brand, not a template"] The Challenge Small businesses often struggle to translate what they do into copy that moves an audience โ most attempts sound generic or overexplain the product. My Approach I worked directly with clients to understand brand voice, audience, and goals before writing. Each project involved building persuasive copy around a clear hook, then refining tone and structure until it read as the brand's authentic voice. The Outcome Delivered high-conversion marketing copy across client campaigns, with clients reporting the copy captured their voice more accurately than previous attempts.
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Habiba Usman
OMG! The Best SERUM Ever!
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Favour Olusegun
AI & SEO: The Lazy Marketerโs Cheat Code
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Praise Azubuike
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Animasaun Abdurrahman
world of freelancing. Discover new prospects and possibilities
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